The Japanese Spitz covered with profuse clear white long hair, with pointed muzzle, triangular pricked ears feathering tail over back. The conformation tough and flexible, and both forequarters and hindquarters well proportioned. An overall appearance noble and in harmony with balance and beauty. The ideal ratio of height at withers to length of body is 10:11. The temperament is intelligent, cheerful and courageous. Keen in sense and very alert. The Japanese Spitz Body withers high, back straight and short. The loins broad, and croup slightly arched. The chest wide and deep, ribs well sprung. The belly moderately drawn up. Japanese Spitz height: Dogs 12 inches (30 cm). There is a tolerance of 1
inch (3 cm) shorter or taller. Bitches slightly smaller than dogs.Japanese Spitz Feetis Small, round tightly closed and cat feet. The pads thick and dark in colour. The nails hard and black or dark colour desirable.
Japanese Spitz head is moderately sized in harmony with body and without coarseness. The skull moderately broad and round, and rear part broadest. The stop defined, cheeks rounded, but forehead not too raised. The muzzle pointed, not thick, not too long, and well balanced with skull. The lips tight and preferably black. The nose, small, round and black. The teeth white and strong with scissors bite. Eyes moderately large, almondshaped, set slightly oblique, and not too apart, dark in colour. Black eye rims desirable. Ears set on high, small, triangular, pricked, facing forward, and distance between ears moderately narrow. Neck moderately long; muscular.
The shoulders well sloping, and forearms straight. The elbows set close to the body, and pasterns slightly inclining. The hindlegs are muscular, and joints of stifle and hock moderately bent. The rear pasterns vertical, and hind legs parallel when viewed from behind.
The Japanese Spitz Coat outer straight and standoff. Undercoat short, soft and dense. On face, ears, front of forearms and from hind feet to hocks are short haired, and body covered with abundant long hair. Neck, shoulders, forechest covered with mane and frill. The tail has profuse feathering. Japanese Spitz Colour White. Gait light and active. The smooth movement desirable.
An 8-year-old female Japanese Spitz Dog was reffered to Shiraz University Veterinary Clinic, with sign of anisocoria. Clinical examinations revealed mydriasis in the right eye. Ocular examination revealed a dilated and unresponsive right pupil to focal illumination. By testing with topical 2% pilocarpine, the tentative diagnosis was parasympathetic denervation of the right iris sphincter muscle pupillotonia. Pupil abnormalities are a common finding in man and other animals. A miotic pupil may be the result of a miotic drug such as pilocarpine, uveitis, synechia, or loss of sympathetic tone (Horner’s syndrome).
Conversely, a dilated pupil may be associated with mydriatic drugs, loss of retinal or optic nerve function, glaucoma, or loss of parasympathetic tone. The loss of parasympathetic tone in human is termed Adie’s tonic pupil. Although there are references in veterinary medical literature with respect to pupillary abnormalities (Scagliotti, 1980), canine cases of parasympathetic denervations of the pupil were found only in a German shepherd dog.
Japanese Spitz history
An 8-year-old female Japanese Spitz Dog was referred to the Veterinary Clinic of the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran, because of anisocoria. The general conditions, appetite, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and body temperature were normal. Ocular examination revealed a dilated right pupil. The left pupil had a normal diameter for the ambient illumination. By covering of either eye separately, the ability of animal to negotiate doorways and stairs was detected which revealed that the vision of animal is normal.
In pupillary light reflex testing, the right pupil had no response to strong light directed to either eye. The left pupil had a positive direct and indirect response to strong light. Ophthalmoscopy revealed normal lens, vitreous, retinas and optic nerves. The eyelids, corneas and irides were also normal. Intraocular pressures, measured by palpation with fingers, were normal.
The tentative diagnosis was parasympathetic deneravation of the right iris sphincter muscle pupillotonia. To confirm the diagnosis, a drop of 2% pilocarpine was instilled into the right eye which resulted in constriction of the pupillary diameter to the same size as in the left eye. This test confirmed that the lesion was neurologic and that there were no primary or secondary iris diseases or pharmacologic blockade due to atropine or atropine like drugs. The animal was treated for two weeks by 2% pilocarpine. At this time, the animal’s eye responded to therapy but by withdrawing the drug, pupil was dilated again. On the basis of the right pupil’s response to pilocarpine and absence of any other signs in this case, a diagnosis of parasympathetic denervation (pupillotonia) of the right pupil was made.
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